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For the past 9,000 years, people lived and flourished along the 1,000-mile Aleutian archipelago reaching from the American continent nearly to Asia. The Aleutian chain and surrounding waters supported 40,000 or more people before the Russians arrived. Despite the antiquity of continuous human occupation, the size of the area, and the fascinating and complex social organization, the region has received scant notice from the public. This volume provides a thorough review describing the varied cultures of the ancestral Unangax̂, using archaeological reports, articles, and unpublished data; documented Unangax̂ oral histories, and ethnohistories from early European and American visitors, assessed through the authors’ multi-decade experience working in the Aleutian Archipelago. Unangam Tanangin ilan Unangax̂/Aliguutax̂ Maqax̂singin ama Kadaangim Tanangin Anaĝix̂taqangis (Culture and Archaeology of the Ancestral Unangax̂/Aleut of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska) begins with a description of the physical and biological world (The Physical Environment and The Living Environment) of which the Unangax̂ are part, followed by a description of the archaeological research in the region (The People). The rest of the book addresses ancestral Unangax̂ life including settlement on the land, and the characteristics of sites based on the activities that took place there (People on the Landscape). From this broad perspective, the view narrows to the people making a living through hunting, fishing, and collecting food along the shore-line, making their intricate tools, storing and cooking food, and sewing and weaving (Making a Living); household life including house construction, households, and the work done within the home (Life at Home); and the personal changes an individual goes through from the time they are born through death, including spiritual transitions and ceremonies (Transitions), and the evidence for these events in the material record. This book is written in gratitude to the Unangax̂ and Aleut people for the opportunity to work in Unangam Tanangin or the Aleutian Islands, and to learn about your culture. We hope you find this book useful. The purpose of this book is to introduce the broader public to the cultures of this North Pacific archipelago in a single source, while simultaneously providing researchers a comprehensive synthesis of archaeology in the region.

Geography. --- Ethnology. --- Culture. --- Human geography. --- Cultural geography. --- Regional Geography. --- Regional Cultural Studies. --- Social and Cultural Geography.

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“This impressive volume takes a deep dive into the ways states design and promote ‘extractive bargains’, exposing the search for a (post)extractive consensus within fluid state-society relations. A must-read on resource governance, supply security, and climate politics.” —Philippe Le Billon, University of British Columbia and Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton “The book makes a major contribution to the burgeoning study of extractivisms, and illustrates in detail how extractive bargains in the state-society nexus do not have a singular or predetermined outcome.” —Barry K. Gills, Professor of Global Development Studies, Helsinki University, Finland “Through a collaborative methodology, Andrews, Bowles and volume contributors offer a conceptually innovative typology of the kinds of conditions that facilitate, normalize and constrict extractive activities within and between states … Highly recommended!” —Anna Zalik, Associate Professor, Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University, Toronto, Canada This book is the first to focus on state-led ‘extractive bargains,’ designed to reach a social consensus on the extent of extractive activities, how they should be governed and their negative consequences mitigated. These state-led ‘bargains’ have taken a number of different forms and offer varying degrees of promise in meeting environmental and social concerns. The book critically examines ‘bargains’ in states across the Global North and the Global South, incorporates Indigenous issues, and judiciously assesses their prospects for promoting long-term sustainability. It focusses on mineral and fossil fuel extraction in particular including bargains designed to govern the former as the demand for minerals used in “green energy” increases and to limit the use of the latter. The book will be of interest to students and researchers of global studies, global political economy, political science, political sociology, sustainability, environmental sociology, development studies and geography. Chapter 1 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com. Paul Bowles is Professor of Global and International Studies at the University of Northern British Columbia, Canada. Nathan Andrews is Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science at McMaster University, Canada. .

Environmental policy. --- Political sociology. --- Human geography. --- Cultural geography. --- Environmental Policy. --- Political Sociology. --- Social and Cultural Geography. --- Mineral industries --- Social aspects. --- Social aspects

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This open access book provides a unique overview of geographical, historical, political and environmental issues facing the French overseas territory New Caledonia, also called “Kanaky” by the indigenous Kanak people, who outnumber citizens of European and other origin. New Caledonia has seen a long and complex struggle for decolonization, but is still on the United Nations’ list of “Non-Self Governing territories” and there is little sign of change following three referendums on independence and extensive negotiations with France. The archipelago possesses around a quarter of the world’s nickel deposits, giving it additional strategic importance when demand for the mineral is strong. The islands have unique biodiversity, and Caledonian coastal lagoons have been listed as UNESCO world heritage sites since 2008. The book offers detailed insights into the environmental and human geographies of the archipelago, with a focus on the links between environmental protection and extensive mining operations, between political independence struggles and continued wellbeing and economic development, and the differing visions for the future of the islands. This multidisciplinary volume, one of the few to appear in English, appeals to researchers, students and policy makers across the environmental, social and political sciences.

Geography. --- Human geography. --- Cultural geography. --- Conservation biology. --- Ecology. --- Anthropology. --- Physical geography. --- Regional Geography. --- Social and Cultural Geography. --- Human Geography. --- Conservation Biology. --- Physical Geography.

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This book looks at the background to the policy of free movement in Europe and discusses the consequences. European integration changed migration conditions considerably: Under the concept of "freedom of movement", border crossings between EU member states as well as work and settlement by nationals of other member states were largely facilitated; internal borders thus lost their significance. At the same time, the question of how to deal with a common external border and the migration of "third-country nationals" gained in importance. The essential explains why migration from outside Europe was increasingly understood as a problem of security policy and why this still determines the measures for designing a common external border today. The content Migration and border policy in the context of European integration from the 1950s until today Heterogeneity of migration in the EU Schengen Agreement as the beginning of a discussion on migration shaped by security policy Development of common European ideas on the control of external borders State of EU asylum policy The target groups People interested in the history and present of Europe as well as in migration and migration policy; people who wonder why there is such an intense debate about migration and asylum in the EU at present Lecturers and students in the fields of migration studies, European studies, history, social sciences.

Sociology --- Environmental planning --- Social geography --- ruimtelijke ordening --- sociologie --- geografie --- Emigration and immigration --- Government policy --- European Union countries --- Boundaries. --- Government policy. --- Human geography. --- Cultural geography. --- Social structure. --- Equality. --- Sociology of Migration. --- Social and Cultural Geography. --- Social Structure. --- Social aspects.

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Dieses Open-Access-Buch blickt auf die Hintergründe der Politik der Freizügigkeit in Europa und diskutiert die Folgen. Die europäische Integration veränderte die Migrationsverhältnisse erheblich: Zwischen den EU-Mitgliedstaaten wurden unter dem Begriff der „Freizügigkeit“ Grenzübertritte sowie Arbeit und Niederlassung von Staatsangehörigen anderer Mitgliedsländer weitgehend erleichtert, Binnengrenzen verloren also an Bedeutung.Zugleich gewann die Frage des Umgangs mit einer gemeinsamen Außengrenze und der Migration von „Drittstaatsangehörigen“ an Gewicht. Das essential erklärt, warum Migration von außerhalb Europas zunehmend als Problem von Sicherheitspolitik verstanden wurde und wieso diese die Maßnahmen zur Ausgestaltung einer gemeinsamen Außengrenze bis heute bestimmt. Der Inhalt Migrations- und Grenzpolitik im Rahmen der europäischen Integration von den 1950er Jahren bis heute Heterogenität der Migrationsverhältnisse in der EU Schengener Abkommen als Beginn einer sicherheitspolitisch geprägten Diskussion über Migration Entwicklung gemeinsamer europäischer Vorstellungen über die Kontrolle der Außengrenzen Stand der EU-Asylpolitik Die Zielgruppen An der Geschichte und Gegenwart Europas sowie an Migration und Migrationspolitik Interessierte; Menschen, die sich fragen, warum gegenwärtig in der EU so intensiv um Migration und Asyl gestritten wird Dozierende und Studierende der Bereiche Migrationsforschung, Europawissenschaften, Geschichtswissenschaft, Sozialwissenschaften Der Autor Dr. Jochen Oltmer ist Professor für Migrationsgeschichte am Institut für Migrationsforschung und Interkulturelle Studien (IMIS) der Universität Osnabrück.

Migration, immigration & emigration --- Human geography --- Social issues & processes --- Migration --- Cultural Geography --- Social Structure, Social Inequality --- Sociology of Migration --- Social and Cultural Geography --- Social Structure --- Migrationspolitik --- Grenzpolitik --- Migration in der EU --- Schengen-Abkommen --- EU-Asylpolitik --- Open Access --- Social & ethical issues --- Emigration and immigration --- Human geography. --- Cultural geography. --- Social structure. --- Equality. --- Sociology of Migration. --- Social and Cultural Geography. --- Social Structure. --- Social aspects. --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Political science --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Organization, Social --- Social organization --- Anthropology --- Social institutions --- Anthropo-geography --- Anthropogeography --- Geographical distribution of humans --- Social geography --- Geography --- Human ecology